Heat-exchanger plate

ABSTRACT

A plate element (1) for a heat exchanger is designed as an at least two-layered laminate assembly (1). Said laminate assembly (1) includes a membrane layer (2) which allows enthalpy between two fluid flows separated by the plate element (1) to be transferred, and at least one support layer (3, 4) which is made of a broken-through, deformable material and which allows the plate element (1) to be provided with a given mechanical rigidity and three-dimensional structure and maintain said rigidity and structure.

The invention relates to a plate for a plate-type heat exchanger.

Plates of this type are usual in most diverse forms and made of numerous different materials.

Starting from this, it is the object of the invention to provide a plate for a plate-type heat exchanger that on the one hand can be manufactured at low expense, has a comparatively low weight and nevertheless has exceptional enthalpy exchange properties in addition to the usual heat-exchange properties. In addition to sensitive heat or temperature, moisture or water vapor should also be transferred or exchanged between different fluid streams.

This object is solved according to the invention by a plate for a plate-type heat exchanger in which the plate is an at least two-layer laminate comprising a membrane layer by means of which enthalpy can be transferred between two fluid streams separated by the plate and at least one support layer that consists of a broken-through and deformable material and by means of which the plate can be provided with a predetermined mechanical strength and a three-dimensional and self-supporting structure.

Such a plate can be manufactured at low expense with the desired properties.

The membrane layer of the plate according to the invention can advantageously be configured as a plastic membrane layer.

The at least one support layer of the plate according to the invention can be configured as a woven fabric or nonwoven layer at comparatively low expense, wherein the necessarily broken-through structure of the support layer is advantageously obtained by the selection of the said materials.

In order to provide the plate according to the invention with the predetermined mechanical strength and the desired three-dimensional structure with technically constructive low expenditure, it is advantageous if the at least one support layer of the plate is formed from a thermally deformable material.

In an advantageous embodiment of the plate according to the invention, this is configured as a three-layer laminate, having a further support layer that is disposed on the side of the membrane layer facing away from the first support layer and by means of which the plate can be provided with a predetermined mechanical strength and a three-dimensional and self-supporting structure.

A flat, point-by-point, strip or grid-shaped connection of each support layer to the membrane layer can be achieved by material properties of each support layer and/or membrane layer. In this case, no additional connecting means such as adhesives or the like are then required.

Alternatively however it is also possible to achieve the flat, point-by-point, strip or grid-shaped and adhesive connection of each support layer to the membrane layer by a binder, preferably by a hot melt adhesive.

The nonwoven layers can advantageously be formed from a polyester nonwoven.

This polyester nonwoven should expediently have a weight between 20 and 80, preferably of about 50 g/m².

In order to ensure the permeability of the polyester nonwoven for liquid and therefore the removal of liquid to the plastic membrane layer, it is advantageous if the polyester nonwoven is hygroscopically variable.

This can expediently be achieved whereby the polyester nonwoven has a coating made of a zeolite and a binder.

The enthalpy transfer properties of the plastic membrane layer can be achieved with comparatively low expenditure if the plastic membrane layer is formed from a polymer or polyurethane material.

Expediently the previously described plates can be interlocked and welded or adhesively bonded at their edges so that they can be joined together to form a plate-type heat exchanger with an extremely low technical constructive expenditure.

In a method according to the invention for manufacturing a plate for a plate-type heat exchanger, an at least two-layer laminate comprising a membrane layer, preferably a plastic membrane layer and at least one support layer, preferably a nonwoven layer in each case is prepared in a flat form on both sides of the plastic membrane layer, after which this flat laminate is provided by a single deformation step with a three-dimensional, load-bearing and self-supporting structure. In this deformation step it is possible to use those tools that are also used in plates made of materials known from the prior art. Hence, no expensive modification etc. of existing production installations are required.

Expediently in the deformation step an adhesive connection is simultaneously made between each support layer and the membrane layer. The expenditure for the manufacture of the plate according to the invention can thus be comparatively low.

The deformation accompanying the production of the adhesive connection is accomplished by pressing at a maximum of <160° C. This ensures that the enthalpy transfer characteristics of the membrane layer are not adversely influenced.

Varying hygroscopy of the support or nonwoven layers can be achieved with a comparatively low expenditure by providing the support or nonwoven layers with a coating made of a zeolite and a binder by a dipping or spraying process.

As a result of varying hygroscopy of the support or nonwoven layers, if a hydrophilic adjustment of the support or nonwoven layers is provided, it can be achieved that water deposited in the support or nonwoven layers is distributed uniformly over the surface of the support or nonwoven layers with the result that the permeability of the plate overall is maintained.

The invention is explained in detail hereinafter by an embodiment with reference to the drawing in which the only figure shows a schematic diagram of a plate according to the invention that can be joined together with further plates of the same type to form a plate-type heat exchanger.

The plate 1 shown in the single figure is not shown to scale in this figure but merely schematically. In the exemplary embodiment of the plate 1 according to the invention, this is configured as a three-layer laminate 1.

This three-layer laminate 1 includes a plastic membrane 2 arranged centrally in the laminate 1, a first nonwoven layer 3 arranged above the plastic membrane layer 2 in the figure and a second nonwoven layer 4 arranged below the plastic membrane layer 2 in the figure.

By means of the plastic membrane layer 2, enthalpy can be transferred between two fluid streams not shown in the figure, wherein one of the fluid streams flows above the plate 1 and the other of the two fluid streams flows below the plate 1.

In the exemplary embodiment shown the plastic membrane layer 2 is formed from a polyurethane material.

The first nonwoven layer 3 and the second nonwoven layer 4 are formed from a thermally deformable nonwoven material, in the exemplary embodiment shown from a polyester nonwoven. The polyester nonwoven has a weight of 50 g/m². Furthermore the polyester nonwoven is configured to be hygroscopically variable, wherein for this purpose the polyester nonwoven is provided with a coating that consists of a suitable zeolite and a binder.

By means of the two nonwoven layers 3, 4 it is achieved that the plate 1 acquires a predetermined mechanical strength and a three-dimensional structure. This mechanical strength and this three-dimensional structure can be maintained for the duration of usage of the plate in a plate-type heat exchanger.

Between the plastic membrane layer 2 on the one hand and the nonwoven layers 3, 4 on the other hand, a flat adhesive connection is provided. In the exemplary embodiment of the plate 3 shown in the single figure this can be implemented by the material properties of the polyester nonwoven forming the nonwoven layers 3, 4 and/or by material properties of the plastic membrane layer 2.

Alternatively it is possible to achieve this adhesive connection by a binder, preferably by a hot melt adhesive.

In order to manufacture a plate-type heat exchanger from the previously described plates 1, these can be interlocked and welded at their edges. This creates separate flow channels for the one fluid stream and for the other fluid stream. Through the plates 1 enthalpy can be exchanged between the fluid streams.

In order to produce the plate 1, a flat three-layer laminate 1 is firstly created. In this case the plastic membrane layer 2 is placed on the lower nonwoven layer 4 and the upper nonwoven layer 1 is placed on the plastic membrane layer 2. Then the plate 1 is created by a single process step that is used both for deformation, i.e. creation of a three-dimensional structure for the plate 1 and also for flat connection between the plastic membrane layer 2 on the one hand and the two nonwoven layers 3, 4 on the other hand. The same tools that are also used in the manufacture of conventional plates are also used for this process step.

Furthermore a maximum temperature that is 160° C. is not exceeded in this process step. This ensures that the plastic membrane layer 3 retains its enthalpy permeability required for its correct functioning.

For varying hygroscopy of the two nonwoven layers 3, 4 these are provided with a coating of a zeolite and a binder, wherein this coating can be produced by a dipping or a spraying process. 

1. A plate for a plate-type heat exchanger wherein the plate is an at least two-layer laminate comprising: a membrane layer by means of which enthalpy can be transferred between two fluid streams separated by the plate and at least one support layer that consists of a broken-through and deformable material by means of which the plate can be provided with a predetermined mechanical strength and a three-dimensional and self-supporting structure.
 2. The plate according to claim 1, wherein the membrane layer is a plastic membrane layer.
 3. The plate according to claim 1, wherein the at least one support layer is a woven fabric or nonwoven layer.
 4. The plate according to claim 1, wherein the at least one support layer is formed from a thermally deformable material.
 5. The plate according to claim 1, wherein the laminate is a three-layer laminate having a further support layer that is on a side of the membrane layer facing away from the first support layer and by means of which the plate can be provided with a predetermined mechanical strength and a three-dimensional and self-supporting structure.
 6. The plate according to claim 1, wherein a flat, point-by-point, strip or grid-shaped connection of each support layer to the membrane layer can be achieved by material properties of each support layer or membrane layer.
 7. The plate according to claim 1, wherein a flat, point-by-point, strip or grid-shaped connection of each support layer to the membrane layer can be achieved by a binder.
 8. The plate according to claim 3, wherein each nonwoven layer is formed from a polyester nonwoven.
 9. The plate according to claim 8, wherein the polyester nonwoven has a weight between 20 and 80 g/m².
 10. The plate according to claim 8, wherein the polyester nonwoven is hygroscopically variable.
 11. The plate according to claim 10, wherein the polyester nonwoven has a coating made of a zeolite and a binder for varying hygroscopy thereof.
 12. The plate according to claim 2, wherein the plastic membrane layer is formed from a polyurethane or a polymer.
 13. The plate according to claim 1, wherein the plate can be interlocked and welded or adhesively bonded at its edges and can thus be joined together with further plates of the same type to form a plate-type heat exchanger.
 14. A method of making a plate for a plate-type heat exchanger, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plastic membrane layer; laminating at least one support layer in flat form on each face of the plastic membrane layer so as to form a flat laminate; and deforming the flat laminate into a three-dimensional, load-bearing and self-supporting structure.
 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step during the deformation step of: making an adhesive connection between each support layer and the membrane layer.
 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the deformation is performed at a temperature of <160° C.
 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein each support layer is provided with a coating made of a zeolite and a binder by a dipping or spraying process. 